The computer was born not for entertainment or email but out of a need to solve a serious number-crunching crisis. By 1880, the U.S. Population had grown so large that it took more than seven years to tabulate the U.S. Census results. The government sought a faster way to get the job done, giving rise to punch-card based computers that took up entire rooms.Today, we carry more computing power on our smartphones than was available in these early models. The following brief history of computing is a timeline of how computers evolved from their humble beginnings to the machines of today that surf the, play games and stream multimedia in addition to crunching numbers. 1801: In France, Joseph Marie Jacquard invents a loom that uses punched wooden cards to automatically weave fabric designs.
- Sequential Processing Pipelining
- Sequential Processing Vs Parallel Processing
- Sequential Processing Psychology Example
Early computers would use similar punch cards.1822: English mathematician Charles Babbage conceives of a steam-driven calculating machine that would be able to compute tables of numbers. The project, funded by the English government, is a failure. More than a century later, however, the.1890: Herman Hollerith designs a punch card system to calculate the 1880 census, accomplishing the task in just three years and saving the government $5 million. He establishes a company that would ultimately become IBM.1936: presents the notion of a universal machine, later called the Turing machine, capable of computing anything that is computable. The central concept of the modern computer was based on his ideas.1937: J.V. Atanasoff, a professor of physics and mathematics at Iowa State University, attempts to build the first computer without gears, cams, belts or shafts.1939: Hewlett-Packard is founded by David Packard and Bill Hewlett in a Palo Alto, California, garage, according to the.1941: Atanasoff and his graduate student, Clifford Berry, design a computer that can solve 29 equations simultaneously.
This marks the first time a computer is able to store information on its main memory.1943-1944: Two University of Pennsylvania professors, John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, build the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC ).
Considered the grandfather of digital computers, it fills a 20-foot by 40-foot room and has 18,000 vacuum tubes.1946: Mauchly and Presper leave the University of Pennsylvania and receive funding from the Census Bureau to build the UNIVAC, the first commercial computer for business and government applications.1947: William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain of Bell Laboratories invent the. They discovered how to make an electric switch with solid materials and no need for a vacuum.1953: develops the first computer language, which eventually becomes known as COBOL. Thomas Johnson Watson Jr., son of IBM CEO Thomas Johnson Watson Sr., conceives the IBM 701 EDPM to help the United Nations keep tabs on Korea during the war.1954: The, an acronym for FORmula TRANslation, is developed by a team of programmers at IBM led by John Backus, according to the University of Michigan.1958: Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce unveil the integrated circuit, known as the computer chip. Kilby was awarded the in 2000 for his work.1964: Douglas Engelbart shows a prototype of the modern computer, with a mouse and a graphical user interface (GUI ). This marks the evolution of the computer from a specialized machine for scientists and mathematicians to technology that is more accessible to the general public.1969: A group of developers at Bell Labs produce UNIX, an operating system that addressed compatibility issues.
Written in the C programming language, UNIX was portable across multiple platforms and became the operating system of choice among mainframes at large companies and government entities. The TRS-80, introduced in 1977, was one of the first machines whose documentation was intended for non-geeks Credit: Radioshack1977: Radio Shack's initial production run of the TRS-80 was just 3,000. It sold like crazy. For the first time, non-geeks could write programs and make a computer do what they wished.1977: Jobs and Wozniak incorporate Apple and show the Apple II at the first West Coast Computer Faire.
It offers color graphics and incorporates an audio cassette drive for storage.1978: Accountants rejoice at the introduction of VisiCalc, the first computerized spreadsheet program.1979: Word processing becomes a reality as MicroPro International releases WordStar. 'The defining change was to add margins and word wrap,' said. 'Additional changes included getting rid of command mode and adding a print function. Windows 10 security update every day.
I was the technical brains — I figured out how to do it, and did it, and documented it. The first IBM personal computer, introduced on Aug. 12, 1981, used the MS-DOS operating system. Credit: IBM1981: The first IBM personal computer, code-named 'Acorn,' is introduced.
It uses Microsoft's MS-DOS operating system. It has an Intel chip, two floppy disks and an optional color monitor. Sears & Roebuck and Computerland sell the machines, marking the first time a computer is available through outside distributors.
Sequential Processing Pipelining
It also popularizes the term PC.1983: Apple's Lisa is the first personal computer with a GUI. It also features a drop-down menu and icons.
It flops but eventually evolves into the Macintosh. The Gavilan SC is the first portable computer with the familiar flip form factor and the first to be marketed as a 'laptop.' 1985: Microsoft announces Windows, according to. This was the company's response to Apple's GUI. Commodore unveils the Amiga 1000, which features advanced audio and video capabilities.1985: The first dot-com domain name is registered on March 15, years before the World Wide Web would mark the formal beginning of. The Symbolics Computer Company, a small Massachusetts computer manufacturer, registers Symbolics.com.
More than two years later, only 100 dot-coms had been registered.1986: Compaq brings the Deskpro 386 to market.
A flowchart is a blueprint that pictorially represents the algorithm and its steps. The steps of a flowchart do not have a specific size and shape rather it is designed in different shapes and sizes (see the image given below).As shown in the above image, the boxes in different shapes and interconnected with arrows, are logically making a flow chart.
Sequential Processing Vs Parallel Processing
A flow-chart represents the general steps in a process. Benefits of FlowchartLet us now discuss the benefits of a flowchart. Simplify the LogicAs it provides the pictorial representation of the steps; therefore, it simplifies the logic and subsequent steps.
Sequential Processing Psychology Example
Makes Communication BetterBecause of having easily understandable pictorial logic and steps, it is a better and simple way of representation. Effective AnalysisOnce the flow-chart is prepared, it becomes very simple to analyze the problem in an effective way. Useful in CodingThe flow-chart also helps in coding process efficiently, as it gives directions on what to do, when to do, and where to do. It makes the work easier. Proper TestingFurther, flowchart also helps in finding the error (if any) in program Applicable DocumentationLast but not the least, a flowchart also helps in preparing the proper document (once the codes are written). Flow-Chart SymbolsThe following table illustrates the symbols along with their names (used in a flow-chart) − NameSymbolNameSymbolFlow LineMagnetic DiskTerminalCommunication LinkProcessingOffline StorageDecisionAnnotationConnectorFlow lineDocumentOff-Page ConnectorSample of Flow Chart.